Large-Scale “OMICS” Studies to Explore the Physiopatholgy of HIV-1 Infection

Sigrid Le Clerc (1) , Sophie Limou (2, 3, 4) , Jean-François Zagury (1)

1 GBCM - Laboratoire Génomique, bioinformatique et chimie moléculaire
2 U1064 Inserm - CRTI - Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie
3 CHU Nantes - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes
4 ECN - École Centrale de Nantes

In this review, we present the main large-scale experimental studies that have been performed in the HIV/AIDS field. These "omics" studies are based on several technologies including genotyping, RNA interference, and transcriptome or epigenome analysis. Due to the direct connection with disease evolution, there has been a large focus on genotyping cohorts of well-characterized patients through genome-wide association studies (GWASs), but there have also been several in vitro studies such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) interference or transcriptome analyses of HIV-1-infected cells. After describing the mojor results obtained with these omics technologies-including some with a high relevance for HIV-1 treatment-we discuss the next steps that the community needs to embrace in order to derive new actionable therapeutic or diagnostic targets. Only integrative approaches that combine all big data results and consider their complex interactions will allow us to capture the global picture of HIV molecular pathogenesis. This novel challenge will require large collaborative efforts and represents a huge open field for innovative bioinformatics approaches.

Mots clés: HIV; genome-wide association study; genomics; omics; big data

Domaines: Bio-Informatique, Biologie Systémique [q-bio.QM]; Maladies infectieuses; Génomique, Transcriptomique et Protéomique [q-bio.GN]

Sigrid Le Clerc, Sophie Limou, Jean-François Zagury. Large-Scale “OMICS” Studies to Explore the Physiopatholgy of HIV-1 Infection. Frontiers in Genetics, 2019, 10, pp.799. ⟨10.3389/fgene.2019.00799⟩. ⟨hal-02308473⟩