What competencies do career practitioners need to help clients design and develop their careers and lives?
Résumé
Developing a career in today's societies requires that individuals not only manage their educational and work pathways but also design and construct their own lives. These activities, for which the individual is personally responsible, imply that individuals employ certain competencies built upon previous experiences. These competencies vary, depending on an individual's social position and gender. For pupils and students, the development of these competencies also depends on the specific organisation of the school system in which they are educated. Consequently, people have available to them for their orientation, competency portfolios that differ greatly in capacity and quality. Three types of career interventions may help them to develop these competencies: information activities, psycho-pedagogical guidance, and counselling interaction. To provide these different types of interventions practitioners must master certain fundamental, supplemental, and technical competencies. Twelve competencies have been identified: they seem to be necessary to lead career counselling interviews which are the most complex type of intervention. Each of these core competencies can be decomposed into different operational, personal, and social competencies. Such a conception of career development-viewed as a self-management of one's life aiming at self-achievement-is frequently seen as a kind of violence by the more destitute members of society. One may question the limitation of such a view of life and career development: Can it permit our societies to manage the challenges with which they are confronted?
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