Heterogeneous SARS-CoV-2 humoral response after COVID-19 vaccination and/or infection in the general population

Fabrice Carrat (1) , Paola Mariela Saba Villarroel (2) , Nathanaël Lapidus (1) , Toscane Fourié (2) , Hélène Blanché (3) , Céline Dorival (1) , Jérôme Nicol (1) , Jean-François Deleuze (3) , Olivier Robineau (1, 4) , Mathilde Touvier (5) , Gianluca Severi (6) , Marie Zins (7, 8) , Xavier de Lamballerie (2)

1 iPLESP - Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique
2 UVE - Unité des Virus Emergents
3 CEPH - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain
4 METRICS - Evaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales - ULR 2694
5 EREN [CRESS - U1153 / UMR_A 1125] - Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team | Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle
6 CESP - Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations
7 CONSTANCES - Cohortes épidémiologiques en population
8 UFR Médecine UPCité - UFR Médecine [Santé] - Université Paris Cité

Assessment of the intensity, dynamics and determinants of the antibody response after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination in the general population is critical to guide vaccination policies. This study characterized the anti-spike IgG titers in 13,971 participants included in a French multicohort population-based serological survey on COVID-19 between April and October 2020 and followed-up with serological testing between May and October 2021. Eight follow-up profiles were defined depending on SARS-CoV-2 infection (0, 1 or 2) and COVID-19 vaccination (0, 1, 2 or 3). The anti-spike titer was lower in adults with no vaccination even in case of infection or reinfection, while it was higher in adults with infection followed by vaccination. The anti-spike titer was negatively correlated with age in vaccinated but uninfected adults, whereas it was positively correlated with age in unvaccinated but infected adults. In adults with 2 vaccine injections and no infection, the vaccine protocol, age, gender, and time since the last vaccine injection were independently associated with the anti-spike titer. The decrease in anti-spike titer was much more rapid in vaccinated than in infected subjects. These results highlight the strong heterogeneity of the antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 in the general population depending on previous infection and vaccination.

Domaines: Sciences du Vivant [q-bio]

Fabrice Carrat, Paola Mariela Saba Villarroel, Nathanaël Lapidus, Toscane Fourié, Hélène Blanché, et al.. Heterogeneous SARS-CoV-2 humoral response after COVID-19 vaccination and/or infection in the general population. Scientific Reports, 2022, 12 (1), pp.8622. ⟨10.1038/s41598-022-11787-4⟩. ⟨hal-03737986⟩